We recruited adults with newly diagnosed advanced glaucoma, defined according to the extent of visual field loss (Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson classification), in one or both eyes. People with glaucoma present glaucomatous optic neuropathy, corresponding retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and VF defects. When iridotrabecular contact (ITC, ≥2 Q) resulting in peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) or raised intraocular pressure (IOP) with no visual field defect or glaucomatous optic nerve damage is found, primary angle closure can be diagnosed. This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review boards (IRB) of Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital. This is a case-control study, which was performed in the Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital from January to December 2021. Herein, the current study aims to investigate the understanding of VRQoL in PACG patients with or without VF loss and analyze its possible influencing factors on VRQoL. Nevertheless, little is known about the association between VF and VRQoL, particularly in PACG patients with relatively normal VF. In the early stage of PACG, the VF deficit is absent. The prevalence of POAG is the highest in Africa, while the prevalence of PACG is the highest in Asia. One of the most common types of disease is PACG, which can cause visual field (VF) damage. Generally, glaucoma can be divided into two major types: primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
#Binocular vision dysfunction symptoms how to
At present, how to maximize the quality of life for glaucoma patients has become a major goal of treatment for the disease. Previous studies have found that the VRQoL of patients is disrupted by visual field defects. The concept of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) was introduced in ophthalmology in the 1980s to evaluate the impact of visual impairment on individuals. A previous study indicated that patients with glaucoma were prone to suffer from anxiety and depression.
Anxiety and depression are the top two common psychological disorders among patients with glaucoma. Considering its lack of specific symptoms in the early stage, glaucoma brings great psychological stress to patients. It was estimated that nearly 80 million people will suffer from glaucoma worldwide by 2020. Glaucoma is a component of neurodegenerative diseases and is the second leading cause of blindness in the world following cataracts. VF indices including VFI, MD, and PSD were strongly correlated with VRQoL as assessed by NEI VFQ-25 thus, VRQoL may be significantly impacted by glaucomatous VF defects. PACG patients with VF loss reported lower NEI VFQ-25 composite and subscale scores. Additionally, PSD was significantly correlated with Peripheral Vision scores ( β = −1.346, ).
VFI ( β = 1.498, ) and MD ( β = −3.891, ) were significantly correlated with Role Difficulties scores. Furthermore, patients with VF loss had significantly lower NVE-VFQ-25 subscale scores for general health, general vision, ocular pain, near activities, distance activities, social functioning, mental health, role difficulties, dependency, driving, and peripheral vision than PACG patients without VF loss and healthy controls (all ). PACG patients with VF loss were most likely to be older and had lower best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), mean deviation (MD), and visual field index (VFI), but higher pattern standard deviation (PSD) (all ). No significant differences were found in gender, VFQ rating for “composite score” and “color vision” between the three groups. NEI VFQ-25 scores were compared between the three groups. VF defects were identified by simplified Hodapp’s classification. The patients underwent the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), clinical examination, and VF testing. In this case-control study, a total of 79 patients with PACG (with or without VF detects) and 35 healthy controls were included. To evaluate the association between visual-related quality of life (VRQoL) and visual field (VF) loss in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
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